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Abstinence, when used as a form of birth control, only means abstaining from vaginal intercourse, although an individual may well decide to abstain from other behaviors which would put her or him at risk for AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Further, deciding whether one should engage in sexual intercourse forces one to weigh cultural, ethical, religious, moral, and psychological factors. "Outercourse," intimate sex without intercourse, can provide great fulfillment. Non-coital forms of sexual intimacy range from holding hands, hugging, kissing, and dancing to mutual masturbation, petting, oral-genital sex and the use of stimulating devices such as vibrators.

Advantages:

Low risk of pregnancy.

Reduced risk of STD transmission.

No cost.

Disadvantages:

May be difficult to maintain commitment to method under pressure.

Methods Not Recommended for Younger Women

Fertility Awareness (Rhythm Method)

Fertility awareness methods of birth control are not recommended for college-aged women because they require a relatively stable ovulation cycle. As ovulation is easily effected by stress, illness and exercise, college-aged women are not likely to have stable cycles.

Fertility awareness hinges on the identification of a woman's fertile and infertile days. Most importantly, a woman must determine when she ovulates. Usually, a woman will work with a doctor to accurately determine her cycle by charting her body temperature and mucous discharge. It is important that consistent and accurate records are kept and that thorough initial instruction is received.

Coitus interruptus, also known as withdrawal, has long been used as a contraceptive technique. Using this method, a couple may have intercourse until ejaculation is imminent, at which point the male withdraws his penis and ejaculates away from the genitalia of his partner.

There are many disadvantages associated with this method. Demanding strenuous self control, the male may fail to withdraw or may not withdraw fast enough to prevent sperm from being released. Even when withdrawal is successful, some preliminary ejaculatory fluid can dribble out at any time during intercourse. For these reasons, the withdrawal method has one of the higher failure rates for contraceptive methods, and does not eliminate the chance of transmission of HIV and other STDs.

The contraceptive sponge is a soft, round polyurethane sponge with a cloth ribbon attached to one side and a dimpled indentation on the other. It contains nonoxynol-9, the spermicide used in many vaginal foams, suppositories, and jellies and works against conception in two ways: as a barrier and as a spermicide.

The sponge traps sperm because of its absorptive qualities and holds them inside, hindering passage through the cervix. In addition, it releases the spermicide continuously over a 24-hour period w hich immobilizes or kills the sperm.

Cervical Cap

The cervical cap works much the same way as the diaphragm and has similar effectiveness rates. A small latex cap is inserted by a woman before intercourse and fits over the cervix, serving as a barrier to semen. Spermicide inside the cap is held against the cervix and can destroy any sperm that make it past the barrier. The cap cannot be pushed into the uterus, even though it is smaller than a diaphragm.

The Female Condom

Also known as the vaginal pouch, the female condom is a disposable sheath designed to protect a woman from pregnancy and STDs by lining the vagina. The man's penis must be guided into the sheath. After intercourse, the man may stay in the woman; unlike with traditional condoms, there is no need for immediate withdrawal.

You can tell that it is in place when the inner ring is up just past the pubic bone. You can feel your pubic bone by curving your finger towards your front when it is a couple of inches inside your vagina. Then put your finger inside the sheath until you can feel the bottom of the inner ring. Now push the ring up into the vagina.

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